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Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring Why do gametes need to be haploid? It is one of the defining characteristics of living things
Like many other organisms, human beings reproduce sexually Explain mechanisms that increase genetic variation in offspring produced by sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction involves two parents
As you can see from figure 5.12.2, in sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive (sex) cells — called gametes — that unite to form an offspring
In sexual reproduction, the genetic material of two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring that differ from their parents Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles What happens between these two events depends upon the organism. Sexual reproduction is the most common life cycle in multicellular eukaryotes, such as animals, fungi and plants
[6][7] sexual reproduction also occurs in some unicellular eukaryotes [2][8] sexual reproduction does not occur in prokaryotes, unicellular organisms without cell nuclei, such as bacteria and archaea. Sexual reproduction happens via fertilization Fertilization is the fusion of gametes from two parents
Fertilization leads to new, diploid offspring
Sexual reproduction results in genetic variation, or genetic differences, between parents and offspring Offspring inherit one set of chromosomes from each parent. The offspring produced in sexual reproduction are genetically different to each other and the parents This process results in variation as it involves the mixing of genetic information.
Sexual reproduction was likely an early evolutionary innovation after the appearance of eukaryotic cells It appears to have been very successful because most eukaryotes are able to reproduce sexually and, in many animals, it is the only mode of reproduction And yet, scientists also recognize some real disadvantages to sexual reproduction On the surface, creating offspring that are genetic.
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following
By the end of this section, you will be able to Explain that meiosis and sexual reproduction are evolved traits Identify variation among offspring as a potential evolutionary advantage to sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction was an early evolutionary innovation after the appearance of eukaryotic cells
The fact that most eukaryotes reproduce sexually is evidence of its evolutionary success In many animals, it is the only mode of reproduction And yet, scientists recognize some real disadvantages to sexual reproduction On the surface, offspring that are genetically identical to the parent may.
Explain how sexual reproduction occurs at the cellular level
Summarize what happens during meiosis Compare and contrast gametogenesis in males and females
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