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Sex chromosomes are the genetic elements that define a person's biological sex Learn about dsds and intersex variations. Learn about the xx and xy chromosomes, the sex determination system, and other chromosome combinations.

The xx/xy system is found in most other mammals, as well as some insects Discover how sex chromosomes vary naturally and why biological sex isn't always binary In this system, karyotypic females usually have two x chromosomes (xx), while karyotypic males usually have a single x and a single y chromosome (xy).

The thing is, xx and xy chromosomes aren't cut and dry, either

Actually, sex chromosomes and genetic expression vary widely, beyond a penis/vagina or xy/xx binary Xx and xy with the aforementioned expressions are the most common sex chromosomes and corresponding organs, but they're not the only ones. The other 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes Individuals having two x chromosomes (xx) are female

Individuals having one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy) are male The x chromosome resembles a large autosomal chromosome with a long and a short arm The y chromosome has one long arm and a very short second arm. The x chromosome is larger than y because it carries more instructions

The x chromosome has some instructions to make body parts that all people have, and others for body parts that only females have

A karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes from an organism or species This is a human male karyotype In the red box, you see the sex. Sex chromosomes are more complex than most people think

While we're usually taught that there are two types — xx and xy — many more variations exist. If the egg receives another x chromosome from the sperm, the resulting individual is xx, forms ovaries, and is female If the egg receives a y chromosome from the sperm, the individual is xy, forms testes, and is male The determination of sex in humans is primarily governed by the presence of two types of sex chromosomes

Females typically have two x chromosomes (xx)

Each parent contributes one sex chromosome, with the mother always providing an x chromosome through her. Xx and xy chromosomes are only part of the story

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